Active Directory & Windows
Active Directory Penetration Testing
Active Directory penetration testing is a proactive approach to discover potential vulnerabilities in an AD environment. By simulating cyber-attacks in a controlled setting, organizations can identify weak points and rectify them before malicious actors exploit them.
Key Areas to Focus On:
Pre-Engagement Interaction: Understand the scope of the test.Establish communication protocols.Ensure necessary permissions are in place.
Information Gathering: Enumerate domain information.Extract user details, group memberships, and trusts.Identify domain controllers and their roles.
Enumeration: Utilize tools like PowerView and BloodHound to gather detailed AD data.Enumerate sessions, shares, and group policies.
Credential Assessment: Extract NTLM hashes and Kerberos tickets.Perform pass-the-hash or pass-the-ticket attacks.Use tools like Mimikatz for credential dumping.
Lateral Movement: Exploit weak service configurations.Utilize tools like CrackMapExec and PowerUpSQL for lateral traversal.
Privilege Escalation: Identify misconfigurations using tools like PowerUp.Exploit Kerberos vulnerabilities, such as Kerberoasting.
Domain Dominance: Extract the NTDS.dit file for offline extraction.Create a Golden Ticket using Kerberos Ticket Granting Ticket (TGT).
Data Exfiltration: Identify sensitive data.Use tools like Rclone or SMB to transfer data securely.
Post Exploitation: Maintain persistence using tools like Empire or Metasploit.Deploy backdoors and monitor for ongoing access.
Reporting:
Document findings, methodologies, and tools used.
Provide a detailed risk assessment.
Offer actionable recommendations to bolster security.
Resources and Tools
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